Order Stomiiformes Family Gonostomatidae(Bristlemouths) Deep-water bristlemouth Cyclothone atraria(C. H. Gilbert, 1905). 6.2 cm SL Japanese name/Oni-hadaka Chinese name/黑圆帆鱼(흑원범어) D/spines 0, soft rays 12-15. A/spines 0, soft rays 17-20. vertebrae/31-33
Distribution; North Pacific/temperate and subtropical, from Korea, southern Japan to Baja California, from 21°N and into the Bering Sea. General; In a resource survey on the bordering waters of Korea by the Korea National Institute of Fisheries Research from 2017 to 2018, 23 species of young fish that were not found in Korea were collected, including Deep-water bristlemouth(Cyclothone atraria). Deep water fish, depth range 298-4938 m, usually 400-2400 m. Body dark-brown or black. Margin of scale pockets especially dark. Area immediately anterior to anal origin densely pigmented and not transparent. Peritoneum black, usually invisible from the outside. Gill lamellae free and reduced. Inhabits deep water and is only captured with special equipment. Lipid content is 4.0 % in fresh body weight and wax ester is 58.4 % in total lipid. Protandrous hermaphrodite, oviparous with planktonic eggs and larvae. C. atraria does not undertake overall diel vertical migrations, being concentrated in the lower mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones below 400m, with peak abundance at about 600m both day and night. Spawning occurs mainly during the summer and early autumn. C. atraria releases about 500–3000 eggs at once and may spawn several times during its life span. Duration of the egg and larval stages is estimated to be about 6–7 months. C. atraria is protandrous, attaining male maturation in 3 years at about 25 mm standard length(SL) and attaining female maturation in 5–6 years at about 40 mm SL.
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