Order Syngnathiformes Family Syngnathidae(pipefishes and seahorses) Starry pipefish Halicampus punctatus(Kamohara, 1952) Max length/17 cm TL Korean name/byeol-sil-go-gi(별실고기) Japanese name/ ホシヨウジ(Hoshiyôji) Chinese name/輪斑海蠋魚(륜반해촉어) D/spines 0, soft rays 19-21, A/spines 0, soft rays 4. P1/14~15. Rings/trunk,14~15+tail, 34. Caudal fin rays/10.
Distribution; Northwest Pacific/Uljin and Ulsan in southern East Sea of Korea. Japan;→ Sagami Bay(including the Izu Peninsula), Tosa Bay to Kyushu and Okinawa in the Pacific Ocean, and Yamagata Prefecture and Sado Island in the Japan Sea(Korean version; East Sea). General; Head is small and snout is very elongated. The mouth is at the front end of the snout. The snout length longer than the distance between the posterior margin of eye and the middle of pectoral fin base. The tail excluding the caudal fin longer than the trunk.The median middle snout ridge is very low and serrated weakly. Dorsal rim of the orbital is slightly elevated. One crest is on the crown of the head which is slightly elevated upward and weakly serrated. Dorsal rim of the orbital is slightly elevated. One crest is on the crown of the head which is slightly elevated upward and weakly serrated. Absent in pelvic fins. The dorsal fin is located ahead of the center of the body. The length of dorsal fin base is shorter than the length of snout. The pectoral fin is very short and margin round. The anal fin is very small and vestigial and located below halfway of the dorsal fin base. The anus is located right in front of the anal fin. It has no scales, and its head and entire body are covered with body rings made of bony plates. When alive in natural water, cortical projections are scattered sparsely throughout the body.
The superior trunk ridge and superior tail ridge are disconnected below the dorsal fin base. The superior trunk ridge ends in a convex, humpback curve upward at the base of the dorsal fin. The lateral trunk ridge is bended down at under the dorsal fin and continued with the inferior tail ridge. The inferior trunk ridge ends just in front of the anal fin.
The body color is not fixed, appears to vary from blackish brown to yellow brown or yellow depending on the environment. There are about 13 wide dark bands along the entire body length, each of which is arranged at intervals of three to four body rings. There is 13~14 relatively large silvery-white dot with dark edge on the lower side of each trunk ring. This is a distinctive feature of this species. Additionally, small round, bright blue spots scattered over the sides and back of the head and body. These blue spots also have black edges, so they are clearly visible. The English common name “Starry pipefish” is thought to be derived from these blue spots. The color of caudal fin is pale body color, and all rest fins are transparent.
This species is ovoviviparous, The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail and give birth to live young. Males may brood at around 10 centimetres. It is expected to feed on small crustaceans, similar to other pipefish.
Starry pipefish(Halicampus punctatus) is a species originally known to be endemic to Japan. In 2002 and 2003, four larval stage specimens collected from Uljin and Ulsan in the southern East Sea of Korea were studied and registered as a Korea distributing species. However, as of the end of 2023, it is still listed as a Japanese endemic species on major Internet information sites.
The distribution area of Japan is Sagami Bay(including the Izu Peninsula), Tosa Bay to Kyushu and Okinawa in the Pacific Ocean, and Yamagata Prefecture and Sado Island in the Japan Sea(Korean version; East Sea). In Tosa Bay, it is collected by offshore bottom trawl nets, and appears at depths of 100 to 150 meters, which is a deep place for a member of the pipefish family. On the other hand, on the Izu Peninsula, it has been confirmed that they live on sandy mud bottoms at depths of 15 to 20 meters. However, the number of specimens and observations of this species are relatively small, and detailed ecology is not known.
|