Order Argentiniformes(marine smelts). Family Opisthoproctidae(Barreleyes or spookfishes) Pacific barreleye Macropinna microstoma(Chapman, 1939) Max length/15.0 cm TL Korean name/tae-pyeon-yang-tong-an-eo(태평양통안어) Japanese name/Demenigisu Chinese name/大鰭後肛魚 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 14.
Distribution; North Pacific/Bering Sea to Japan, and Baja California, Mexico. General; Genus Macropinna contains one species, M. microstoma(Pacific barreleye). M. microstoma has been known to science since 1939, but is not known to have been photographed alive until 2004. Old drawings do not show the transparent dome, as it is usually destroyed when brought up from the depths. This species' most striking feature is the transparent, large, dome-shaped shield that covers the top of the head, and its prominent tubular eyes within. Through the dome, the entire inner part of the head can be seen, that is, their eyes, brain and all the nerve endings that make up their head.
The shield is a tough, flexible integument that attaches to the dorsal and medial scales behind the head, and to the broad, transparent subocular bones that protect the eyes laterally. The fluid-field chamber found beneath the shield surrounds and protects the eyes capped with vivid green lenses. The tubular eyes of this fish can look forward as well as upward(with maximum arc of rotation observed about 75 degrees). At first glance it seems that its eyes are at the front of their head in the form of two black holes; these are its olfactory organs.
Pacific barreleye mostly unknown until 2004. It was originally believed that the tubular eyes of this fish were fixed in place and, therefore, only provided a tunnel vision view of what was seen above its head. However, in 2008, scientists discovered that its eyes were able to rotate both up and forward in its transparent shield. The morphology of the eyes apparently allow at least two feeding modes: (1) with body horizontal and with eyes directed upward, it can spot food silhouette against lighted waters above, it pivots its body to bring the mouth up for ingestion while eyes are locked on target, rotating from dorsal to rostral relative to the body; and (2) with body horizontal, eyes rotate dorsal to rostral while tracking the path of descending food until it reaches the level of the mouth.
Pacific barreleye(M. microstoma) has a tiny mouth and most of its body is covered with large scales. Adipose at the base of the caudal peduncle. Its large, flat fins allow it to remain nearly motionless in the water, and to maneuver very precisely. Most of the time, the fish hangs motionless in the water, with its body in a horizontal position and its eyes looking upward. A solitary fish, occurring at lower mesopelagic depths beneath temperate and subarctic waters. Caught by midwater trawl nets in areas with bottom depths of 1600-3600 m. Stomach contents include cnidarian remains, however, its visceral anatomy suggests diets of mixed zooplankton, including both gelatinous and crustacean prey and siphonophore tentacles and nematocysts. Scientists speculates that M. microstoma steals food from siphonophores. The small marine creatures trapped on the tentacles of the jellies are also targeted by the barreleye fish. Uncommon species. Oviparous, with planktonic larvae. Adults dark brown.
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