Oder Scorpaeniformes Family Synanceiidae(Stonefishes). Grey stingfish Minous monodactylus(Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) max length/15cm TL. max. published weight/33.00 g Korean name/il-ji-mal-lak-ssol-chi(일지말락쏠치) Japanese name/ヒメオコゼ(Hime-okoze) Chinese name/單指虎鮋 D/spine 9~11, soft ray 10~12. A/spine 2, soft ray 7~10. P1/12. P2/spine 1, soft ray 5. LLp/17~21. Gill rakers/11~16.
Distribution; Indo-West Pacific/Red Sea and East Africa to Indonesia, north to southern Japan and southern Korea(Jeju Island) General; Existing Korean literature interprets the prefix “il-ji(일지)” in the common name il-ji-mal-lak-ssol-chi(일지말락쏠치) as the Chinese characters 一支, meaning “one strand.” In contrast, the Chinese name 單指虎鮋 uses 單指, meaning “one finger.” The specific epithet monodactylus in Minous monodactylus(scientific name) is derived from the Greek for “one finger.” Based on the scientific name, I argue that “il-ji” should not be interpreted as “one strand(一支)”, but rather as “one finger(一指 or 單指)”.
The genus Minous comprises approximately 15 species worldwide, of which three species, including Mal-lak-ssol-chi(말락쏠치) and Jeju-sol-chi(제주쏠치) are reported in Korean waters. The species Il-ji-mal-lak-ssol-chi(일지말락쏠치) is commonly referred to in English as the “Grey stingfish” and is also known as the “Grey goblinfish.” A defining morphological characteristic of this genus is the separation of the lowermost pectoral fin ray from the main fin structure. This detached ray is elongated and terminates in a fleshy cap, distinguishing it from the remaining fin rays.
The head and body Grey stingfish(Minous monodactylus) are laterally compressed and elongated ovals. The anterior margin of the head in front of the eyes is slightly concave. The interorbital region is concave. The snout is relatively long, and the lower jaw is longer than the upper jaw. Teeth are present on both jaws and the vomer, but absent on the palatine. A small, blunt spine is present on the nasal region. Two spines are on the lacrimal bone above the upper jaw, with the second spine being larger and extending posteriorly in a thin, elongated form. Five spines are on the preopercle, and the first spine extends posteriorly. Several cortical processes are on the margin of the preopercle. One small spine is on the opercle. The entire head is densely covered with small spines.
Several small cortical processes are vestigial above the eyes. No osteoid processes are present above the eyes and on the occipital region, but several small bony ridges are present. Two elongated cortical processes are on the ventral side of the mandible, one on each side. The posterior end of the maxilla reaches the anterior margin of the pupil. Osteoid processes below and in front of the eyes are vestigial, while the posterior bony ridge is distinct. The lateral line is complete and deviates dorsally, and it also deviates dorsally in the caudal fin. There are no scales on the body. The skin of the trunk is loosely attached to the trunk muscles, making it mobile.
The soft rays of all fins are unbranched. The origin of the dorsal fin is well anterior to the posterior margin of the operculum. The first dorsal spine is slightly longer than the second spine. The interspinous membranes of the dorsal spines are deeply notched, and the interspinous membranes of the first to third spines are more deeply notched than those of the posterior spines. The length of the spine immediately preceding the last dorsal spine is equal to the length of the last spine. There is no notch at the junction of the dorsal spinous and soft-rayed portions, and the margin of the soft-rayed portion is rounded. The margin of the dorsal soft-rayed portion is rounded. The basal length of the dorsal spinous portion is slightly longer than the basal length of the soft-rayed portion. The origin of the dorsal soft-rayed portion is slightly anterior to the origin of the anal soft-rayed portion. The posterior end of the base of the anal fin is level with the posterior end of the base of the dorsal soft-rayed portion.
The pectoral fins are situated slightly below the midbody, and their posterior ends pass the anus and reach the base of the first soft ray of the anterior part of the anal fin. The anus is located in the midbody. The lowest soft ray of the pectoral fin is long and is a free soft ray separated from the main body; its posterior end does not reach the anus. The pelvic fin is positioned anterior to the upper part of the pectoral fin base, and its posterior end passes the anus and almost reaches the origin of the anal fin. The posterior part of the caudal fin is rounded(more rounded than that of Dwarf stingfish(Minous pusillus).
Body color varies, with the dorsal part usually having a yellowish-brown or dark-brown ground color. Several narrow, irregular stripes start from the dorsal fin, extend obliquely toward the body, and descend past the lateral line to the middle of the body. A dark oval mark larger than the eye diameter is present above the anterior part of the dorsal soft-rayed portion. The caudal fin has two dark vertical bands as thick as the eye diameter. The ventral part of the body is paler. Almost all area of pectoral fins are blackish, the outer parts of the pelvic and anal fins are blackish. The belly with pale pinkish hue.
Including the Grey stingfish(Minous monodactylus), fishes of the genus Gneus Minous have venom glands in the spines of all their spiny fins(dorsal fin, pelvic fin, and anal fin), which deliver venom through the tips of the spines.
It is carnivorous and found in coastal waters and waters partially enclosed by the open sea. It lives on sandy or soft bottoms at depths of 10–55 m. Small quantities are caught and traded, sold as fresh, dried, or salted fish. This species was recorded as a new record for Korea by Kim et al. (2005).
[Etymology of Minous monodactylus] The generic name Minous was established by the renowned French zoologist Georges Cuvier in 1829. It is derived from Minos, the legendary king of Crete in Greek mythology. Evoking the authoritative yet hidden, subterranean-like persona of King Minos, this name reflects the ecological and morphological characteristics of the stingfishes within this genus, which possess its habit of blending perfectly into the seafloor to ambush prey, heavily armored and angular craniums, and a sullen and grim appearance.
The specific epithet monodactylus is a compound word derived from the Greek "monos," meaning "one" or "single," and "daktylos," meaning "finger" or "toe." This name alludes to the species' most representative morphological feature: the single, elongated soft ray at the lowermost part of the pectoral fin that is detached and completely separated from the main fin body(free ray), which is here likened to a finger. This detached ray functions as a leg, enabling the fish to prop itself up and crawl across the seafloor. While all species within the genus Minous share this common characteristic of possessing a free pectoral ray at the lowermost portion of the fin, this defining feature was specifically assigned as the name for this particular species.
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