Oder Beryciformes Family Holocentridae(Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes) Japanese soldierfish Ostichthys japonicus(Cuvier, 1829). Max length/45.0 cm TL. Common length/35.0 cm TL Korean name/Do-hwa-dom(도화돔) Japanese name/エビスダイ(Ebisudai) Chinese name/日本骨鱗魚 D/spine 12, soft ray12~14. A/spine 4, soft ray10~12. P1/16~17. LLp/28~30. 새파수(Gill raker)/ 7~10+12~14=20~23
Distribution; Indo-Pacific/South Korea's Jeju Island and nearby South Sea, south of Japan's Hokkaido, Taiwan, East China Sea, Philippines, Andaman Sea, Indonesia's Maluku Islands, Australia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Oman, Mauritius, and Madagascar. Main ref; GBIF, as of 2023. General; The Japanese soldierfish is called Do-hwa-dom in Korean, which means ‘Peach blossom bream’. The name comes from its peach blossom red colour. The body is oval, high, compressed laterally, peduncle is narrow. Dorsal profile of head nearly uniformly convex. Head with mucous sac. The outer bones of head are mostly ridged. V-shaped groove between the nasal bones on either side of the head. Depth of body 2.05-2.2 in SL; head length 2.35-2.5 in SL; snout short, 4.65-5.6 in head length. Least depth of caudal peduncle 4.0-4.5 in head length.
Eyes are large and set towards the back of head, with a pair of large nostrils in front of the eyes. The mouth is large and sloping, with the lower jaw protruding more than the upper. Posterior end of the upper jaw extends past the posterior margin of eye. Both jaws have clusters of small teeth, also teeth on the palatine bone and vomer. Spineless at anterior end of nasal bone of adults or subadults. Margin of Preoperculum is rough, no actual spine at the corner of preoperculum of adults(subadults may have a small spine at angle). Operculum has a single strong spine. The scales are large and hard, with several rows of parallel ridges on each scale, the edges of scales are serrated. Lateral lines complete, 28-30 lateral scales, 3.5 scales from lateral line to midpoint of spine part of dorsal fin. Dorsal fin continuous, single, with deep notch between spine part and soft ray part. Last dorsal-fin spine distinctly longer than penultimate spine, last spine 2-3 times as long as previous spine. The anal fin has four spines, the third of which is the longest and strongest. Caudal fin deeply forked.
The body is vivid red, without obvious white markings. All fins are also red, but the membranes of soft rays of dorsal fin, membranes of anal, and caudal fins are almost transparent(pale). The iris is red. When they are young, they have a white spot on each scale, which disappears as they grow.
It lives on sandy bottoms or reefs mixed with shells and coral debris at depths of 90 to 200 metres. It is nocturnal fish that hide during the day and come out at night to look for food. Feeds on benthic invertebrates. When the female lays fertilized eggs, the male holds it in his mouth, hatches it, and raises it in his mouth. After the hatchlings have grown up, he moves them from place to place to find food suitable for cubs, releasing them and then bringing them back to his mouth to protect them in case of danger, so he can't eat properly while raising the cubs. Commercial food species, but rare species. The flesh is white and tasty.
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