Order Beloniformes Family Exocoetidae(Flyingfishes) African sailfin flyingfish Parexocoetus mento(Valenciennes, 1847) max length/25cm(TL). Korean name/mento-hwang-nal-chi(멘토황날치) Japanese name/バショウトビウオ(Bashô-tobi-uo) Chinese name/長頜擬飛魚(장합의비어/Longjaw flying fish) Taiwanese name/黑短鰭擬飛魚(흑단기의비어/Black shortfin flying fish) D/Soft ray 9~13. A/soft ray 10~14. P1/12~14. P2/6. Lateral line scales/38-40. Pred. S(등지느러미 앞 비늘)/16~20. Vertebrae/36~41. Gill rakers/6~8 +19~21 = 25~28. TRa/5-6
Distribution; Indo-Pacific/South sea of Korea, Southern Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Vietnam, Gulf of Thailand, Northern Indonesia, Bali, Papua New Guinea, Arafura Sea, Northern Australia including Queensland, Fiji, Marshall Islands. Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Mozambique, Comoros, Seychelles, South Africa, Migrated to eastern Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. There is data of sparsely distributing in the Atlantic Ocean, but information found that this is error, so the Atlantic distribution areas not added(source/fishbase.org, as of May,2023). General; Parexocoetus mento is also known as the African sailfin flying fish, Cuvier's flying fish, the yellow belly flying fish or the short-winged flying fish. Body color is iridescent greenish-blue above and silvery below. Body elongated, slightly compressed laterally. The snout is blunt and short. The mouth is open at the front, the upper and lower jaws are approximately equal in length. The upper jaw can protrude forward. Both jaws have teeth, and the teeth are small; the palatine bone has teeth. Two pairs of nostrils, large in shape, close to the eyes. Gill slit wide, gill membrane free in throat isthmus. The swim bladder is large and extends backward; the intestine is simple, without pylorus and caecum.
Body covered with round scales, large and thin, easy to fall off, head more or less scaled. The lateral line starts from behind the lower margin of gill cover and splits into two branches. The one branched toward dorsal direction reaches lower end of pectoral fin base and the other line is running low on the ventral side of the body and extends long to the base of the caudal fin. The dorsal fin is high and the center of margin protrudes. Dorsal fin has no spines, located at the back of the body. Dorsal fin is black overall, except a few posterior transparent rays, and rays are presumably pale yellowish in color when alive.
Origin of anal fin is below the base of the second soft ray of the dorsal fin. The pectoral fin is smaller than other common flying fishes, and posterior end reaches only about the middle of dorsal fin base. Pectoral fins are blackish grey except the transparent upper part and the rays are presumably pale yellowish in color when alive. Only the first soft ray of pectoral fin is unbranched and all others are branched. Pelvic fin is located in the center of the body, and its end only reaches the anus. In very fresh state, the rays of pelvic fin are yellow and the membranes black. Caudal fin is well developed, deeply forked, and the lower lobe much longer than upper lobe. Juvenile fish without whiskers. The overall body color of juvenile in spirit is dark, and the dorsal, pelvic and pectoral fins are covered with black chromatophores, but the anal and caudal fins are colorless.
Parexocoetus mento is migratory fish species, found in surface waters of coastal waters close to the surface and it is rarely recorded in open sea. When frightened, it will use its specialized pectoral fins to jump out of the water for long-distance gliding. It mainly feeds on plankton such as copepods and amphipods. The egg masses produced have sticky filaments, which can be attached to drifts or benthic algae. It is rare in Taiwan and is not an important food fish.
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