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분류계통/분류계통/경골상강→조기강→실고기목→유령실고기과→할리퀸유령실고기 Copyright by Kim In Young. 김인영 그림
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| [painting 1]. 할리퀸유령실고기 암컷의 기본 모습. 암컷은 배지느러미가 매우 크고 수컷은 작다. 색상은 암수 차이에 관계가 없음. [painting 1]. Lateral view of female Harlequin ghost pipefish(Solenostomus paradoxus). Females have very large pelvic fins and males have small ones. Color has nothing to do with differences between the sexes. |
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Copyright by Kim In Young. 김인영 그림
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| [painting 2]. 할리퀸유령실고기 암컷의 기본 모습. 암컷은 배지느러미가 매우 크고 수컷은 작다. 색상은 암수 차이에 관계가 없음. [painting 2].Lateral view of male Harlequin ghost pipefish(Solenostomus paradoxus). Females have very large pelvic fins and males have small ones. Color has nothing to do with differences between the sexes. |
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Copyright by Kim In Young. 김인영 그림
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| image on preparing |
| [painting 3]. [painting 3]. |
실고기목 유령실고기과 분포; 인도-태평양/홍해, 동아프리카에서 피지까지, 북으로는 일본 남부까지, 남으로는 오스트레일리아와 뉴칼레도니아, 통가까지. 재생산 방법; 암컷의 지느러미는 크기가 매우 크게 확장되어 있고 지느러미의 위쪽 가장자리는 몸 복부와 융합되어 있고 좌우 배지느러미의 아래 쪽 가장자리도 서로 합쳐저 있어서 주머니 형태가 된다. 암컷은 이 육아낭에 알을 담아 알이 부화할 때까지 보관한다. 할리퀸 유령실고기는 “피부 포란 종(external skin brooding species)”이다. 수정된 알은 주머니 형태로 변형된 배지느러미 안에 담아지고 코틸레포어(cotylephores)라고 부르는 특수한 피부 세포에 부착된다. 이 특수 세포는 암컷 배지느러미의 안쪽 표면에 생긴다. 어미 암컷은 새끼가 나올 때가 되면 새끼들이 잡아 먹히지 않고 생존하기 유리한 장소에 가서 출산한다. 한 배에 출산하는 새끼 수는 일정하지 않으며 대략 350 마리로 추산된다. 행태; 비교적 흔히 있는 종이지만 위장술이 매우 발달하여 잘 발견되지 않는다. 기본적으로는 단독 생활자이지만 암수 쌍으로 또는 소규모 그룹으로 발견된다. 수영 능력이 약하며 지느러미들을 매우 빠르게 흔들어 전진한다. 그러나 이 수영 행태는 몸 자세와 위치를 매우 정교하게 콘트롤하는 데는 효과가 있지만 이동 거리에는 제약이 있다. 성어는 일반적으로 조류의 영향이 있는 암초 가장자리 지역에 산다. 보통 3-25m 수심에 있다. 부채뿔산호 산호(gorgonians)의 가지 사이, 부유하고 있는 해초, 바다나리류(crinoids)의 가지 곁에서 발견된다. 먹이를 순식간에 입으로 흡입해 삼키는 포식자이다. 먹이는 주로 작은 새유류이다. 이 종의 행태학에 관해서는 연구된 것이 거의 없다. 할리퀸 유령실고기는 사람에게 해를 주지 않으며 그 기묘한 외관 때문에 스쿠바다이버와 수중사진가들의 높은 관심을 받는다. 국제 자연 보호 연맹(IUCN)의 멸종위기 등급은 "Least Concern(최소 우려)"이다. |
Order Syngnathiformes Family Solenostomidae(ghost pipefish) Distribution; Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to southeast Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. The Harlequin Ghost Pipefish is sexually dimorphic. Female S. paradoxus average 130 mm; males on average are 37% smaller. The main difference between males and females is the presence of a ventral brood pouch in females. This difference is most noticeable in the margins of the pelvic fins which are apposed in females and free in males. The harlequin ghost pipefish has no set body color. Typical colors are black, dark red, yellow, green and other various colors, and the body is decorated with scattered stripes and dots and many camouflage projections. Reproduction; The pelvic fins of females are greatly expanded and united with the abdomen along the upper margin and together below for a brood pouch. and connect to the body and to each other in order to form a brood pouch. Females carry eggs in this pouch during the incubation period. Solenostomus paradoxus is an external skin brooding species. Embryos are enclosed in an envelope and attached to special epidermal cells called cotylephores. In S. paradoxus, these cells occur only on the inside surface of the pelvic fins of females(the brooders in this species.) This method allows the female to move her young to a site that is favorable for survival and also decreases the risk of predation during the developmental stage. Clutch size in S. paradoxus is variable. It has been estimated that a normal brood size may be as high as 350 Behavior; Although relatively common, Harlequin ghost pipefishes are very well-camouflaged and difficult to find. The species is normally solitary. It has, however, been observed in pairs or small groups. Solenostomus paradoxus is a weak swimmer, propelling itself by rapidly fanning its fins. While this technique allows for very precise control of body position, the range of individuals in this species is limited. Adults usually settle along reef edges in current-prone areas. Usually observed in 3-25 meters of water. Found among branches of gorgonians, floating weeds, or crinoids. Solenostomus paradoxus is an ambush predator that feeds by sucking small aquatic organisms rapidly into the mouth. They feed mostly on mysids but also target small benthic shrimps. Unfortunately, very little is known regarding the behavior of this organism This organism does not appear to adversely affect humans. Underwater photographers and scuba divers are highly attracted to the unique appearance of Solenostomus paradoxus. The IUCN conservation status of Solenostomus paradoxus has been evaluated as "Least Concern". |
할리퀸유령실고기 분포도. Distribution map of Harlequin ghost pipefish or Ornate ghost pipefish). Main ref/GBIF. Edited by fishillust.com
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좌우사진/할리퀸유령실고기 암컷의 배지느러미가 만들어 낸 육아낭에 가득 들어있는 알. 물고기의 복부를 정면에서 촬영한 사진.Left and right/Eggs filled in brood pouch created by the pelvic fins of female harlequin ghost pipefish. Photo taken from the front of the fish's abdomen. Author; left/Prilfish. Right/Silke Baron from Vienna, Austria. (CC BY NC) |
할리퀸유령실고기 육아낭에 들어있는 알의 확대 사진. 원본 사진을 오른쪽으로 90도 회전시킨 사진. A close-up photo of the eggs contained in the Harlequin ghost pipefish brood pouch. Rotated the original photo 90 degrees to the right. Author/Silke Baron from Vienna, Austria. (CC BY NC)
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| 할리퀸유령실고기 암컷. Male of Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Author/Barry Peters. (CC BY NC) |
할리퀸유령실고기 수컷. Male of Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Black pattern on pink back ground. Taken at Lembeh straits, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Author/Jnpet. (CC BY NC). |
할리퀸유령실고기 암컷. Female of Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Taken at Lembeh straits, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Author/Steve Childs. (CC BY NC)
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할리퀸유령실고기 암컷. Female of Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Brown pattern. Taken at Lembeh straits, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Author/Steve Childs. (CC BY NC)
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할리퀸유령실고기 암수 한 쌍. A pair of male and female Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Brown pattern. Taken at Lembeh straits, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Author/Steve Childs. (CC BY NC)
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| 할리퀸유령실고기 암수 한 쌍. A pair of male and female Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Location/Bali, Buleleng, Indonesia. Author/uwkwaj. (CC BY NC) |
할리퀸유령실고기 암컷. Female Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Location/Dumaguete, Philippines. Author/Klaus Stiefel. (CC BY NC)
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할리퀸유령실고기 암컷. Female Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Yellow-red pattern. Location/Lembeh, Indonesia. Author/Steve Childs. (CC BY NC) |
| 할리퀸유령실고기 수컷. Male Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Green pattern. Location/Lembeh, Indonesia. Author/Steve Childs. (CC BY NC) |
| 할리퀸유령실고기 암수 한 쌍. A pair of male and female Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Location/Lembeh, Indonesia. Author/Steve Childs. (CC BY NC) |
할리퀸유령실고기 암컷. A female Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Pink pattern. Location/Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Author/Dan Schofield. (CC BY NC)
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할리퀸유령실고기 수컷. A male Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Red pattern. Location/Karang Asem, Bali, Indonesia. Author/Ron Greer. (CC BY NC)
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좌우사진/할리퀸유령실고기 암수 한 쌍. Left and right/A pair of male and female Harlequin ghost pipefish(or Ornate ghost pipefish). Location/left; Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia, author/Maarten De Brauwer. (CC BY NC), Right; Tanjung Bolung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, author/Chriswan Sungkono. (CC BY NC) |
왼쪽/바다나리(crinoid) 가지 사이에 숨어있는 할리퀸유령실고기 수컷. 오른쪽/성게 가시 사이에 숨어있는 할리퀸유령실고기 수컷. Left/A male harlequin ghost pipefish hiding among crinoid branches. . Author/Glenn Biscop. (CC BY NC). Right/A male harlequin ghost pipefish hiding among sea urchin spines. Location/Mactan Cebu, Philippines. Author/TANAKA Juuyoh (田中十洋). (CC BY NC) |
왼쪽/바다나리(crinoid) 가지 사이에 숨어있는 할리퀸유령실고기 수컷. 오른쪽/산호(black coral?) 가지 사이에 숨어있는 할리퀸유령실고기 암컷. Left/A male harlequin ghost pipefish hiding among crinoid branches. Location/Moalboal, Cebu, Philippines. Author/Ryan Yue Wah Chan. (CC BY NC). Right/A female harlequin ghost pipefish hiding between the black coral? branches. Location/Bali, Indonesia. Author/Prilfish from Vienna, Austria. (CC BY NC)
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