Order Syngnathiformes Family Syngnathidae(pipefishes and seahorses) Alligator Pipefish Syngnathoides biaculeatus(Bloch, 1785). Max length: 29.0 cm TL Korean name/Zal-pi-sil-go-gi(잘피실고기) Japanese name/トゲヨウジ(Togeyouji 도게요우지) Chinese name/擬海龍, 棘海龍. D/spines 0, soft rays 39-42, A/spines 0, soft rays 4. P1/22-23, Caudal fin/absent, Trunk rings/16. Tail rings/53
Distribution; Indo-Pacific/South Africa, East Coast of Africa, Red Sea, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, East China Sea, Taiwan, southern Japan, South Sea of Korea(Tongyeong City, Geoje Island), Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa. General; The alligator pipefish or double-ended pipefish (Syngnathoides biaculeatus) is a species of fish in the family Syngnathidae and is the only species in the monotypic genus Syngnathoides. There may be confusion because the one in same pipefishes, Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus, is also called double-ended pipefish. Alligator Pipefish(Syngnathoides biaculeatus) was discovered to be an unrecorded species in Korea by studying two specimens, one each collected from Geoje Island and Tongyeong City in southern Korea, and was officially reported as a new Korean distributed species in December 2013. It was named “Zal-pi-sil-go-gi; 잘피실고기)” in Korean, equivalent to “Eelgrass pipefish”, because it was found in the algae Eelgrass(Scientific name: Zostera marina) field. The alligator pipefish can grow to a length of about 29cm (11in) though a more typical length is 20cm (8in).
The body is very long. The head is narrow and long, in line with the horizontal axis of the body or tilted slightly downward. There may be a few small cortical protrusions under the snout, and fine cortical protrusions may be scattered on the body. There is a deep depression on each side of the back in front of the pectoral fin. The width of the trunk is greater than the height, and the width of ventral surface is much greater than the width of dorsal surface. When viewed in cross section, it is a square shape with the bottom wider than the top. The body is thick and solid, and the tail is thin, pointed, and curled. The front part of the tail is close to a hexagon in cross-section and becomes thinner towards the back, becoming a quadrangle in cross-section. It has no caudal fin, and the tip of its tail is prehensile, allowing it to grab seaweeds and stabilize its body. Lateral line absent.
Except for a small spine facing backwards on the upper edge of the eye ridge, there are no other spines on the head. The snout is long and tube-like, and the snout is about twice the length of the head behind the orbit. The eye socket is slightly protruding. The body is scaleless and completely wrapped in the bony ring. Superior and inferior trunk ridges continuous with their respective tail ridges. Lateral trunk ridge deflected dorsally behind anal ring, ends just below superior tail ridge near rear of dorsal-fin. The upper ridges of the body are rough and not smooth.
The dorsal fin is relatively long, starting from the last segment of the body ring and ending at the 9th to 10th segments of the tail ring. The anal fin is very small and is located just behind the anus. The pectoral fins are short and wide, and are located low laterally. There is no tail fin. The alligator pipefish is an inefficient swimmer, moving by an undulating motion of its pectoral and dorsal fins. pelvic fin absent.
Body color/variable from green-yellow to brown or grey or blackish depending on habitat. The frequently seen color is a bright yellow-green body with bright yellow belly. And irregular dark green reticulated patterns on the sides and underside of the snout. The dorsal fin, anal fin, and pectoral fin are all yellow-green. Females are often blotched and may have a white zigzag line running along the abdomen.
Habitat/The alligator pipefish occurs in tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. It is found in shallow water in lagoons and on reef flats, in bays and estuaries, in seagrass meadows, and in floating masses of algae, usually at depths of less than 5 m. Hides by positioning itself vertically with its head down amidst the similar-coloured fronds of vegetation
Reproduction/The alligator pipefish is sexually dimorphic with males being larger than females. Males become mature at a length of about 180 mm (7 in). Breeding takes place during the summer in Moreton Bay, Queensland but occurs at any time of year in Papua New Guinea. Ovoviviparous Females lay 60 to 200 eggs in a single spawning, and the eggs are deposited in a nursery patch underneath the male's trunk, where the young hatch. The male's egg storage site is not a pouch like in seahorses, but a patch where the eggs are attached in exposed state. Females are ornamental below the trunk that is used when she courts the male. Males and females appear to be monogamous, so the eggs in a male's brood pouch are all presumed to be from a single female. The eggs in the brood pouch all develop at the same rate. It feeds on zooplankton and small creatures which it sucks into its mouth. The diet includes amphipods, mysids, shrimps, other benthic invertebrates, and small fish.
Status/The alligator pipefish is dried and used in traditional Chinese medicine. The name of this herbal medicine is Hai Long(海龍), which refers to several species of dried pipefish, including alligator pipefish. This fish appears in the pet trade for sale to home aquarium owners and is also kept and reared in public aquariums. No studies on the population trend for this species have been done and the International Union for Conservation of Nature does not know where the traded fish are acquired; it is unclear whether these are wild-caught fish, whether there are dedicated fisheries for this species, whether the fish are caught as bycatch or whether they are captive-reared. For these reasons, the IUCN considers it has insufficient information to assess the conservation status of this fish and has therefore listed it as being "data deficient". It is a listed marine species under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
|